💡 Enlightenment Era

Books set in or examining the Age of Reason, when revolutionary ideas about liberty, science, and human progress reshaped Western civilization — and generated contradictions we still live with today.

The Philosophy of the Enlightenment

by Ernst Cassirer • 1932

The Enlightenment remade reason: not a storehouse of truths, but a way of discovering them.

4.11

258

💡 Intellectual History 🌅 Enlightenment Studies 🏛️ Western Philosophy

The Philosophy of the Enlightenment Summary

The Philosophy of the Enlightenment 93%

The Enlightenment remade reason: not a storehouse of truths, but a way of discovering them.

by Ernst Cassirer 1932

4.11

258 ratings

💡 Intellectual History 🌅 Enlightenment Studies 🏛️ Western Philosophy

The Enlightenment

by John Robertson • 2015

It was never a single creed. The Enlightenment was three generations arguing how humans should live.

3.56

302

🧠 Intellectual History 🏛️ Western Philosophy 📜 Enlightenment Studies

The Enlightenment 91%

It was never a single creed. The Enlightenment was three generations arguing how humans should live.

by John Robertson 2015

3.56

302 ratings

🧠 Intellectual History 🏛️ Western Philosophy 📜 Enlightenment Studies

Rights of Man, Common Sense and Other Political Writings

by Thomas Paine • 1776

Rights aren't gifts from kings. Government works for you, and when it fails, you replace it.

4.02

521

🗽 Natural Rights Theory 📜 Social Contract 🏛️ Republicanism

Rights of Man, Common Sense and Other Political Writings Summary

Rights of Man, Common Sense and Other Political Writings 91%

Rights aren't gifts from kings. Government works for you, and when it fails, you replace it.

by Thomas Paine 1776

4.02

521 ratings

🗽 Natural Rights Theory 📜 Social Contract 🏛️ Republicanism

Soul Machine

by George Makari • 2015

Science couldn't find the soul. So early modern Europe invented the mind to take its place.

3.82

157

🧠 Intellectual History 🧪 History Of Psychology 💭 Philosophy Of Mind

Soul Machine 91%

Science couldn't find the soul. So early modern Europe invented the mind to take its place.

by George Makari 2015

3.82

157 ratings

🧠 Intellectual History 🧪 History Of Psychology 💭 Philosophy Of Mind

The Age of Reason

by Thomas Paine • 1794

God's word is the universe, not a book. Everything else is hearsay passed off as revelation.

4.12

9k+

🏛️ Deism 📜 Religious Criticism 💡 Enlightenment Philosophy

The Age of Reason 91%

God's word is the universe, not a book. Everything else is hearsay passed off as revelation.

by Thomas Paine 1794

4.12

9k+ ratings

🏛️ Deism 📜 Religious Criticism 💡 Enlightenment Philosophy

A Book Forged in Hell

by Steven Nadler • 2011

Spinoza's 1670 treatise denied miracles, called the Bible man-made, and made free thought sacred.

3.99

1k+

🏛️ Early Modern Philosophy 📖 Biblical Criticism ⚖️ Political Philosophy

A Book Forged in Hell 91%

Spinoza's 1670 treatise denied miracles, called the Bible man-made, and made free thought sacred.

by Steven Nadler 2011

3.99

1k+ ratings

🏛️ Early Modern Philosophy 📖 Biblical Criticism ⚖️ Political Philosophy

Common Sense, The Rights of Man and Other Essential Writings

by Thomas Paine • 1776

Government is a necessary evil, rights belong to people not rulers, and monarchy is a fraud.

4.14

16k+

🏛️ Political Philosophy 🕯️ Enlightenment Thought ⚖️ Natural Rights

Common Sense, The Rights of Man and Other Essential Writings Summary

Common Sense, The Rights of Man and Other Essential Writings 91%

Government is a necessary evil, rights belong to people not rulers, and monarchy is a fraud.

by Thomas Paine 1776

4.14

16k+ ratings

🏛️ Political Philosophy 🕯️ Enlightenment Thought ⚖️ Natural Rights

The Great Debate

by Yuval Levin • 2013

Burke and Paine split over human nature and justice. Their argument became right and left.

3.87

1k+

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 Intellectual History ⚖️ Left Vs Right

The Great Debate 90%

Burke and Paine split over human nature and justice. Their argument became right and left.

by Yuval Levin 2013

3.87

1k+ ratings

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 Intellectual History ⚖️ Left Vs Right

Common Sense

by Thomas Paine • 1776

A plain argument that kings and birthright are frauds, and America must walk away now.

4.00

40k+

🇺🇸 American Revolution 🏛️ Political Philosophy 🗳️ Republicanism

Common Sense 90%

A plain argument that kings and birthright are frauds, and America must walk away now.

by Thomas Paine 1776

4.00

40k+ ratings

🇺🇸 American Revolution 🏛️ Political Philosophy 🗳️ Republicanism

Humanly Possible

by Sarah Bakewell • 2023

Humanism's 700-year bet: that reason and kindness, not gods or ideologies, will save us.

4.01

2k+

📜 Intellectual History 🏛️ Renaissance Humanism 🌍 Secular Humanism

Humanly Possible 90%

Humanism's 700-year bet: that reason and kindness, not gods or ideologies, will save us.

by Sarah Bakewell 2023

4.01

2k+ ratings

📜 Intellectual History 🏛️ Renaissance Humanism 🌍 Secular Humanism

The Great Agnostic

by Susan Jacoby • 2013

The man who drew thousands to hear him speak: why America forgot Robert Ingersoll.

4.04

720

🏛️ American History 📚 Intellectual History 🙏 Religious Criticism

The Great Agnostic 90%

The man who drew thousands to hear him speak: why America forgot Robert Ingersoll.

by Susan Jacoby 2013

4.04

720 ratings

🏛️ American History 📚 Intellectual History 🙏 Religious Criticism

How the Scots Invented the Modern World

by Arthur Herman • 2001

From a poor nation on Europe's edge came free markets, social science, and the American character.

3.94

7k+

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Scottish Enlightenment 📚 Intellectual History 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Scottish History

How the Scots Invented the Modern World Summary

How the Scots Invented the Modern World 90%

From a poor nation on Europe's edge came free markets, social science, and the American character.

by Arthur Herman 2001

3.94

7k+ ratings

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Scottish Enlightenment 📚 Intellectual History 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 Scottish History

Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous

by George Berkeley • 1988

Tables vanish when you look away, but God keeps watching. A bishop's case against matter.

3.83

1k+

📜 Early Modern Philosophy 🇬🇧 British Empiricism 💡 Idealism

Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous Summary

Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous 90%

Tables vanish when you look away, but God keeps watching. A bishop's case against matter.

by George Berkeley 1988

3.83

1k+ ratings

📜 Early Modern Philosophy 🇬🇧 British Empiricism 💡 Idealism

Expected Returns

by Antti Ilmanen • 2011

The Illuminati's real secret: a curriculum to perfect humans until governments became unnecessary.

4.37

383

🧿 Secret Societies 🕯️ Enlightenment History 🔺 Initiation Systems

Expected Returns 90%

The Illuminati's real secret: a curriculum to perfect humans until governments became unnecessary.

by Antti Ilmanen 2011

4.37

383 ratings

🧿 Secret Societies 🕯️ Enlightenment History 🔺 Initiation Systems

Reflections on the Revolution in France

by Edmund Burke • 1790

Rights without custom, property, or faith: why the French Revolution ended in tyranny, not liberty.

3.73

7k+

🇫🇷 French Revolution 🏛️ Classical Conservatism ⚡ Counter-Enlightenment

Reflections on the Revolution in France Summary

Reflections on the Revolution in France 89%

Rights without custom, property, or faith: why the French Revolution ended in tyranny, not liberty.

by Edmund Burke 1790

3.73

7k+ ratings

🇫🇷 French Revolution 🏛️ Classical Conservatism ⚡ Counter-Enlightenment

The Myth of the State

by Ernst Cassirer • 1946

The Greeks fought myth with reason. The modern state perfected it as a weapon.

3.90

209

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 History Of Ideas ⛓️ Totalitarianism

The Myth of the State 89%

The Greeks fought myth with reason. The modern state perfected it as a weapon.

by Ernst Cassirer 1946

3.90

209 ratings

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 History Of Ideas ⛓️ Totalitarianism

Fearless

by Max Lucado • 2009

Ten philosophers, ten arguments that still govern how we think about truth, justice, and ourselves.

4.16

13k+

🏛️ Western Philosophy 🗳️ Political Philosophy 📚 Philosophy Primer

Fearless 89%

Ten philosophers, ten arguments that still govern how we think about truth, justice, and ourselves.

by Max Lucado 2009

4.16

13k+ ratings

🏛️ Western Philosophy 🗳️ Political Philosophy 📚 Philosophy Primer

Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy

by Rawls • 2007

How Hobbes, Locke, Hume, Rousseau, and Marx each tried to solve the problem of political legitimacy.

4.15

289

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 History Of Political Thought 🤝 Social Contract Theory

Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy Summary

Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy 89%

How Hobbes, Locke, Hume, Rousseau, and Marx each tried to solve the problem of political legitimacy.

by Rawls 2007

4.15

289 ratings

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 History Of Political Thought 🤝 Social Contract Theory

Explaining Postmodernism

by Stephen R.C. Hicks • 2004

When socialism failed, the academic Left didn't abandon the project. It abandoned truth instead.

3.88

2k+

🏛️ Intellectual History 🔍 Postmodernism Critique ⚖️ Political Philosophy

Explaining Postmodernism 89%

When socialism failed, the academic Left didn't abandon the project. It abandoned truth instead.

by Stephen R.C. Hicks 2004

3.88

2k+ ratings

🏛️ Intellectual History 🔍 Postmodernism Critique ⚖️ Political Philosophy

Per la pace perpetua

by Immanuel Kant • 1795

A Dutch inn sign with a cemetery: Kant's starting point for a plan to end war.

3.59

3k+

🏛️ Political Philosophy 🌐 International Relations 📜 Kantian Ethics

Per la pace perpetua 89%

A Dutch inn sign with a cemetery: Kant's starting point for a plan to end war.

by Immanuel Kant 1795

3.59

3k+ ratings

🏛️ Political Philosophy 🌐 International Relations 📜 Kantian Ethics

Whose Justice? Which Rationality?

by Alasdair MacIntyre • 1988

Neutral reason is a myth. Every standard of justice carries the history of a specific tradition.

4.24

409

🏛️ Moral Philosophy 🎯 Virtue Ethics 📜 Historicism

Whose Justice? Which Rationality? Summary

Whose Justice? Which Rationality? 89%

Neutral reason is a myth. Every standard of justice carries the history of a specific tradition.

by Alasdair MacIntyre 1988

4.24

409 ratings

🏛️ Moral Philosophy 🎯 Virtue Ethics 📜 Historicism

Founding Faith

by Steven Waldman • 2008

The founders wanted religious freedom not despite their faith, but because of it.

4.07

872

🕊️ Religious Freedom ⛪ Church And State 🎩 Founding Fathers

Founding Faith 89%

The founders wanted religious freedom not despite their faith, but because of it.

by Steven Waldman 2008

4.07

872 ratings

🕊️ Religious Freedom ⛪ Church And State 🎩 Founding Fathers

Benjamin Franklin

by Walter Isaacson • 2003

A runaway apprentice who tamed lightning, charmed Paris, and lost a son to the crown.

4.05

151k+

🏛️ Founding Fathers ⚔️ American Revolution 🧠 Polymath Biography

Benjamin Franklin 89%

A runaway apprentice who tamed lightning, charmed Paris, and lost a son to the crown.

by Walter Isaacson 2003

4.05

151k+ ratings

🏛️ Founding Fathers ⚔️ American Revolution 🧠 Polymath Biography

Free Speech

by Jacob Mchangama • 2022

Free speech has a 2,500-year losing streak, and the playbook for silencing it hasn't changed.

4.18

500

📚 Intellectual History 🗣️ Free Speech 🚫 Censorship

Free Speech 89%

Free speech has a 2,500-year losing streak, and the playbook for silencing it hasn't changed.

by Jacob Mchangama 2022

4.18

500 ratings

📚 Intellectual History 🗣️ Free Speech 🚫 Censorship

Liberty in the Age of Terror

by A.C. Grayling • 2009

The West answered terrorism by curtailing the very liberties it claimed to protect.

3.57

143

🛡️ Civil Liberties 💣 War On Terror 💬 Free Speech

Liberty in the Age of Terror 89%

The West answered terrorism by curtailing the very liberties it claimed to protect.

by A.C. Grayling 2009

3.57

143 ratings

🛡️ Civil Liberties 💣 War On Terror 💬 Free Speech

Hume

by Alfred Jules Ayer • 1980

Hume's demolition: what we can know without a self, a cause, or a moral law.

3.14

375

🔍 Empiricism 🧐 Skepticism 🔗 Causation

Hume 89%

Hume's demolition: what we can know without a self, a cause, or a moral law.

by Alfred Jules Ayer 1980

3.14

375 ratings

🔍 Empiricism 🧐 Skepticism 🔗 Causation

First Principles

by Thomas E. Ricks • 2020

Locke and Montesquieu get the credit. America's founders were actually reading Cicero and Cato.

4.06

4k+

🏛️ Founding Fathers 📜 Early American Republic 📚 Intellectual History

First Principles 89%

Locke and Montesquieu get the credit. America's founders were actually reading Cicero and Cato.

by Thomas E. Ricks 2020

4.06

4k+ ratings

🏛️ Founding Fathers 📜 Early American Republic 📚 Intellectual History

A Vindication of the Rights of Women

by Mary Wollstonecraft • 1792

Women aren't born inferior; they're trained to be. The 1792 argument that invented modern feminism.

3.92

27k+

🌱 Proto-Feminism 🏛️ Political Philosophy 🎓 Women'S Education

A Vindication of the Rights of Women Summary

A Vindication of the Rights of Women 89%

Women aren't born inferior; they're trained to be. The 1792 argument that invented modern feminism.

by Mary Wollstonecraft 1792

3.92

27k+ ratings

🌱 Proto-Feminism 🏛️ Political Philosophy 🎓 Women'S Education

A Conflict of Visions

by Thomas Sowell • 1986

Two hidden assumptions about human nature explain every political fight.

4.31

5k+

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📖 Intellectual History 🧬 Human Nature Debates

A Conflict of Visions 89%

Two hidden assumptions about human nature explain every political fight.

by Thomas Sowell 1986

4.31

5k+ ratings

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📖 Intellectual History 🧬 Human Nature Debates

A Culture of Growth

by Joel Mokyr • 2016

What fueled modern growth? Not property rights. A cultural shift that made nature a solvable puzzle.

3.94

427

💰 Economic History 📜 Intellectual History 🧬 Cultural Evolution

A Culture of Growth 89%

What fueled modern growth? Not property rights. A cultural shift that made nature a solvable puzzle.

by Joel Mokyr 2016

3.94

427 ratings

💰 Economic History 📜 Intellectual History 🧬 Cultural Evolution

Our Declaration

by Danielle S. Allen • 2014

The Declaration's forgotten argument: equality is the only real shield against domination.

3.83

888

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 Founding Principles 🗳️ Democratic Theory

Our Declaration 89%

The Declaration's forgotten argument: equality is the only real shield against domination.

by Danielle S. Allen 2014

3.83

888 ratings

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 Founding Principles 🗳️ Democratic Theory

It Is Dangerous to Be Right When the Government Is Wrong

by Andrew P. Napolitano • 2011

Government doesn't give you your rights; it just punishes anyone who proves it.

4.26

261

🏛️ Natural Rights 🗽 Classical Liberalism 🐍 Libertarian Thought

It Is Dangerous to Be Right When the Government Is Wrong Summary

It Is Dangerous to Be Right When the Government Is Wrong 89%

Government doesn't give you your rights; it just punishes anyone who proves it.

by Andrew P. Napolitano 2011

4.26

261 ratings

🏛️ Natural Rights 🗽 Classical Liberalism 🐍 Libertarian Thought

The Interpretation of Financial Statements

by Benjamin Graham • 1955

Every member kept a daily diary, watched by superiors, to perfect character and dissolve government.

4.04

3k+

🕵️ Secret Societies 🔮 Western Esotericism 🕯️ Initiatory Orders

The Interpretation of Financial Statements Summary

The Interpretation of Financial Statements 89%

Every member kept a daily diary, watched by superiors, to perfect character and dissolve government.

by Benjamin Graham 1955

4.04

3k+ ratings

🕵️ Secret Societies 🔮 Western Esotericism 🕯️ Initiatory Orders

The Abolition of Man

by C.S. Lewis • 1943

The final product of denying objective value is not freedom but a humanity ruled by impulse.

4.12

42k+

🏛️ Natural Law Ethics 🔬 Scientism Critique 🎭 Subjectivism Critique

The Abolition of Man 89%

The final product of denying objective value is not freedom but a humanity ruled by impulse.

by C.S. Lewis 1943

4.12

42k+ ratings

🏛️ Natural Law Ethics 🔬 Scientism Critique 🎭 Subjectivism Critique

Inventing the Individual

by Larry Siedentop • 2014

Liberalism wasn't born against Christianity. Christianity invented the individual.

4.11

710

🧠 Intellectual History 📜 Political Thought 🗽 Origins Of Liberalism

Inventing the Individual 89%

Liberalism wasn't born against Christianity. Christianity invented the individual.

by Larry Siedentop 2014

4.11

710 ratings

🧠 Intellectual History 📜 Political Thought 🗽 Origins Of Liberalism

Remaking the World

by Andrew Wilson • 2023

1776's revolutions built the secular West. Can faith still answer its deepest anxieties?

4.46

2k+

🌍 Western Civilization 📚 Cultural History 🏛️ Secularization

Remaking the World 89%

1776's revolutions built the secular West. Can faith still answer its deepest anxieties?

by Andrew Wilson 2023

4.46

2k+ ratings

🌍 Western Civilization 📚 Cultural History 🏛️ Secularization

The Heart of the Declaration

by Steve Pincus • 2016

The Declaration was not a small-government manifesto but a blueprint for a powerful, activist state.

3.64

🏛️ American Founding 💰 Political Economy 🏗️ State Formation

The Heart of the Declaration 89%

The Declaration was not a small-government manifesto but a blueprint for a powerful, activist state.

by Steve Pincus 2016

3.64

36 ratings

🏛️ American Founding 💰 Political Economy 🏗️ State Formation

Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime

by Immanuel Kant • 2004

Kant's early map: everything in human life divides between awe and joy, from love to nations.

3.53

1k+

🎨 Aesthetic Theory 🕯️ Enlightenment Thought 🏔️ The Sublime

Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime Summary

Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime 89%

Kant's early map: everything in human life divides between awe and joy, from love to nations.

by Immanuel Kant 2004

3.53

1k+ ratings

🎨 Aesthetic Theory 🕯️ Enlightenment Thought 🏔️ The Sublime

The Social Contract

by Jean-Jacques Rousseau • 1762

Freedom through total surrender: the paradox that built modern democracy and still threatens it.

3.78

58k+

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 Social Contract Theory 🗳️ Popular Sovereignty

The Social Contract 89%

Freedom through total surrender: the paradox that built modern democracy and still threatens it.

by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1762

3.78

58k+ ratings

🏛️ Political Philosophy 📜 Social Contract Theory 🗳️ Popular Sovereignty

Magnificent Rebels

by Andrea Wulf • 2022

A handful of quarrelsome friends in a German backwater invented the way you think about yourself.

4.19

2k+

🧠 Intellectual History 🌹 Romantic Movement 📖 German Idealism

Magnificent Rebels 89%

A handful of quarrelsome friends in a German backwater invented the way you think about yourself.

by Andrea Wulf 2022

4.19

2k+ ratings

🧠 Intellectual History 🌹 Romantic Movement 📖 German Idealism

Why I Am Not a Christian and Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects

by Bertrand Russell • 1957

Religion begins in fear, not truth. A philosopher's case against the foundations of belief.

4.00

23k+

⛪ Religious Criticism 🏛️ Philosophy Of Religion 🌍 Secular Humanism

Why I Am Not a Christian and Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects Summary

Why I Am Not a Christian and Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects 89%

Religion begins in fear, not truth. A philosopher's case against the foundations of belief.

by Bertrand Russell 1957

4.00

23k+ ratings

⛪ Religious Criticism 🏛️ Philosophy Of Religion 🌍 Secular Humanism

The Theological Origins of Modernity

by Michael Allen Gillespie • 2008

The modern world is a theological argument that left the church and took over everything.

4.23

270

📜 Intellectual History ⛪ Political Theology 🏛️ Medieval Philosophy

The Theological Origins of Modernity Summary

The Theological Origins of Modernity 89%

The modern world is a theological argument that left the church and took over everything.

by Michael Allen Gillespie 2008

4.23

270 ratings

📜 Intellectual History ⛪ Political Theology 🏛️ Medieval Philosophy

Fallen Leaves

by Will Durant • 2014

At life's end, a historian sets down what he knows about desire, war, art, and God.

3.92

1k+

🍂 Wisdom Literature 🌿 Philosophy Of Life 🏛 Historical Perspective

Fallen Leaves 89%

At life's end, a historian sets down what he knows about desire, war, art, and God.

by Will Durant 2014

3.92

1k+ ratings

🍂 Wisdom Literature 🌿 Philosophy Of Life 🏛 Historical Perspective

A History of Western Philosophy

by Bertrand Russell • 1945

A history of philosophy that reads not like a textbook but like a three-thousand-year argument.

4.13

42k+

🏛️ Western Thought 📜 Intellectual History 🗺️ Philosophical Survey

A History of Western Philosophy 89%

A history of philosophy that reads not like a textbook but like a three-thousand-year argument.

by Bertrand Russell 1945

4.13

42k+ ratings

🏛️ Western Thought 📜 Intellectual History 🗺️ Philosophical Survey

Candide

by Voltaire • 1759

Banished for a kiss, a naive optimist endures war, quake, and slavery, hunting his lost love.

3.76

304k+

🎭 Philosophical Satire 🗺️ Picaresque Journey 🌇 Utopian Discovery

Candide 89%

Banished for a kiss, a naive optimist endures war, quake, and slavery, hunting his lost love.

by Voltaire 1759

3.76

304k+ ratings

🎭 Philosophical Satire 🗺️ Picaresque Journey 🌇 Utopian Discovery

A New World Begins

by Jeremy D. Popkin • 2019

Democracy, state terror, dictatorship: the French Revolution tried all three in one decade.

4.18

3k+

🇫🇷 French Revolution 👑 Old Regime 💡 The Enlightenment

A New World Begins 89%

Democracy, state terror, dictatorship: the French Revolution tried all three in one decade.

by Jeremy D. Popkin 2019

4.18

3k+ ratings

🇫🇷 French Revolution 👑 Old Regime 💡 The Enlightenment

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

by John Locke • 1690

Words name ideas, not things. Philosophy's longest arguments begin with confusing the two.

3.86

17k+

🔍 Epistemology 🗣️ Philosophy Of Language 🧠 Empiricism

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Summary

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding 88%

Words name ideas, not things. Philosophy's longest arguments begin with confusing the two.

by John Locke 1690

3.86

17k+ ratings

🔍 Epistemology 🗣️ Philosophy Of Language 🧠 Empiricism

Lectures of Col. Robert Green Ingersoll

by Robert G. Ingersoll • 1942

Bible's God commands atrocities; its devil shows more mercy. Ingersoll's case for reason over faith.

4.60

119

🕊️ Freethought 📜 Biblical Criticism 🔍 Anti-Clericalism

Lectures of Col. Robert Green Ingersoll Summary

Lectures of Col. Robert Green Ingersoll 88%

Bible's God commands atrocities; its devil shows more mercy. Ingersoll's case for reason over faith.

by Robert G. Ingersoll 1942

4.60

119 ratings

🕊️ Freethought 📜 Biblical Criticism 🔍 Anti-Clericalism

The Stillborn God

by Mark Lilla • 2007

Politics broke from God only recently, and Weimar nearly put them back together.

3.60

289

⛪ Political Theology 🏛️ Secularization 🇩🇪 German Philosophy

The Stillborn God 88%

Politics broke from God only recently, and Weimar nearly put them back together.

by Mark Lilla 2007

3.60

289 ratings

⛪ Political Theology 🏛️ Secularization 🇩🇪 German Philosophy

How We Think

by John Dewey • 1997

One grid, thirteen virtues, a lifetime of revisions: the system that built a founding father.

3.86

1k+

🏛️ American Enlightenment 🇺🇸 Founding Fathers ⚖️ Virtue Ethics

How We Think 88%

One grid, thirteen virtues, a lifetime of revisions: the system that built a founding father.

by John Dewey 1997

3.86

1k+ ratings

🏛️ American Enlightenment 🇺🇸 Founding Fathers ⚖️ Virtue Ethics

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